One of the great historic cities of Germany, Nuremberg is now an important commercial, industrial, and transportation centre. Its manufactures include electrical equipment, mechanical and optical products, motor vehicles, chemicals,and textiles.
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Since 1945 much of the city's
architectural beauty has been restored. A large portion of the city walls still stands.
Nuremberg is the site of the
German National Museum, and a museum of transportation.
First mentioned in 1050,
Nuremberg received a charter in 1219 and was made a free imperial city by the end of the 13th cent. The city was independent of the
Burgraviate of Nuremberg, which included a large part of
Franconia and which came under the control of the
Hohenzollern family.
Nuremberg soon became, with Augsburg, one of the two great trade centres on the route from Italy to N Europe.
The cultural flowering of
Nuremberg in the 15th and 16th centuries made it the centre of the
German Renaissance. Among the artists who were born or lived there, the painter and print maker
Albrecht Duerer was the greatest; others, such as the sculptors
Adam Kraft, Veit Stoss, and
Peter Vischer, and the painter and woodcarver
Michael Wolgemut, adorned the city with their works, which brought together the
Italian Renaissance and the
German Gothic traditions.
The city was also an early centre of humanism, science, printing, and mechanical invention.
A. Koberger set up a printing press and
Regiomontanus an observatory, and the first pocket watches, known as
Nuremberg eggs, were made there c.1500.
