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Graubunden borders on Liechtenstein to the north, Austria to the north and the east, Italy to the south and southeast, and the canton of St. Gallen to the north west, Canton of Glarus, Uri to the west, and Ticino to the south west. The capital city is Chur. The world-famous resorts of Davos and St. Moritz are located in the canton.

The area of the canton is 7,105 km². Only about a third of this is commonly regarded as productive land. Forests cover about a fifth of the total area. The canton is almost entirely mountainous, comprising the highlands of the Rhine and Inn valleys.

There are many significant elevations in the Grison Alps, including the Todi with 3,614m and the highest peak Bernina with 4,048m. Many of the mountain ranges feature extensive glaciers, such as at the Adula, the Albula, the Silvretta or the Ratikon range.

The mountain ranges in the central area are very deep, some of which are considered the deepest valleys in Europe. These valleys were originally settled by the Raeti people of probably Celtic origin.

Agriculture and tourism are the pillars of the canton's economy. Agriculture includes forests and mountain pasturage in summer, particularly of sheep and goats. Tourisms is concentrated in the mountains, particularly around the towns of Davos/Arosa, Laax and St. Moritz/Pontresina.

There is wine production around the capital Chur. Chur is also an industrial centre. In the southern valleys of Mesolcina/Misox and Poschiavo there is corn (maize) and chestnut farming.

The Graubunden are known for a lovely dried-beef delicacy called Bundnerfleisch.