This town lies 67 m. above sea level at the northwestern edge of the plain of Florence, near the initial ramifications of the Apennines, approximately 35 km. from the regional capital.
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Originally a Roman centre (Pistoria), under the Lombards it became a defensive stronghold and seat of "castaldia". After a period of rule by bishops, it became a free municipality with a Statute dating back to 1177, one of the oldest in Italy. The 13th century was its period of major prosperity, though this was hindered by constant battles with Florence.
In 1306 Pistoia was conquered by the latter and this was the start of its decline. It lost all autonomy and formed part of the Florentine possessions in 1530. It then shared the fortunes of the Grand Duchy until 1859, when it was united with the Kingdom of Italy.
