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Ships dock at Agia Pelagia near a beautiful coastline. The capital, of the island also called Kythira, is located 30 km (19 miles) south and is easily reached on the main roadway, which crosses the island. It is a neat hamlet, built on a hillside overlooking the sea, which is crowned by a Venetian castle. Kapsali is the main harbour.

Mostly rocky with many streams, it produces wine, goat cheese, olives, corn, and flax. On the south shore is Kythira, the chief village, formerly called Kapsali. Ancient Kythira was a centre of the cult of Aphrodite. The island passed to Greece in 1864.